Purification with water has been decreted by Allah as an obligation for a Muslim as long as water is available. However , it happens that sometimes , water becomes unavailable or one is unable to use it due to legal excuse , that's the reason why Allah , out of His grace and mercy has gently provided a substitute which is Tayyamum or in other terms dry ablution with clean earth to make things easy for us. Allah , the Exalted , said : " O you who have believed , when you rise to perform prayer , wash you faces and your forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. And if you are in state of janabah , then purify yourselves. But if you are ill or on journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and do not find water , then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and hands with it. Allah doesn't intend to make difficulty for you, but He intends to purify you and complete His favor upon you may be grateful" [Qu'ran : Al Ma'idah : 6 ] How can we not be grateful to You , Ô Allah ?! Linguistically , Tayyamum in arabic means intention and legally it means wiping over the faces and hands with clean earth in a specific way. Tayyamum is stated in both the Qu'ran , prescribed in the Sunnah and approved by the consensus. It is related , in Two Sahih , that the Prophet ( peace and blessings be upon him) said : " I have been granted by Allah five things which were not granted to anyone else before me and they are : 1) Allah made me victorious by awe ( by His frightening my enemies ) for a distance of one month's journey. 2) The earth has been made for me and my followers a masjid ( a clean place for prayer) and a means of purification , so anyone of my followers can pray anywhere whenever the time of prayer is due ..." As we saw earlier , dry ablution is a substitute for purification with water in case one is legally unable to use it. When one perform tayyamum , he can perform all the acts of worship as if perfomed ablution with water such as prayer , tawaf , reciting the Qu'ran and so on. The cases in which Tayyamum becomes a substitutes for purification with water. 1. Unavaibility of water : when one finds no water , whether at home or on journey. 2. Avaibility of water but insufficient :when the available water is enough for drinking , cooking and such necessities and purification with water might cause it to run out when it is needed to quench oneself , one's family , people or animals. 3. Probability of harm :when one who use water for wudhu might cause him harm dur to an illness or cause one's delay of recovery Allah said : " but if you are ill......then seek clean water" ( Al Ma'idah : 6] 4. Inability to use water due to illness : when one is unable to use water due to an illness that prevents one from moving to get water and there's nobody to help him perform ablution and one fears to miss performing prayer at its due time. 5. The fear of catching cold : provided that one is unable to heat the water. Allah said regarding this point " .... and do not kill yourselves or one another.." [An nisa : 29) In addition , if water is enough only to wash some of the organs of ablution , one can use water but these organs and then perform tayyamum for the rest of the organs. He said " so fear Allah as much as you are able....." [ At taghabun :16] Moreover , if there is a wound that hurts if it is washed or wiped over , once can perform tayyamum for that wound , and continue performing ordinary ablution with water for the rest of the organs. If wiping over the bandage of the wound with water does not hurt or cause any harm , it is sufficient for one to wipe over that bandage instead of wiping over it with clearn earth. Finally , it is permissible to use clean earth , saline earth or sand. A proof for that is when is was time for prayer and the Prophet and his companions used to perform dry ablution , ( when water was unavailable) , they used earth or anything of the kind. They never took clean earth with them everywhere they would go in case they wouldn't find water. But the question is , how to perform Tayammum? When performing tayammum , one strikes the earth with one's hands while parting one's fingers. Then one wipes over one's face with the palm of the hand and wipes over the hands with the palms of one's hands , provided both the face and the hands are wholly wiped over. It is permissible to strike the earth twice , wiping over the face after the first strike and over the hands after the other. However the former way is the one authentically narrated to have been oberved by the Prophet ( peace be upon him). I invite you to click on this click to understand better : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vxr1f5Xv_Ws What nullifies Tayammum ? 1- Whatever minor ritual impurity nullifies it ( stool , urine , wind ) same as ordinary ablution. 2- Whatever major ritual impurity necessitates ritual bathing ( janabah , mentruation , postnatal bleeding) 3- When water is found. 4- When there is no longer a legal excuse such as illness and the like. What is the case of one who find neither water nor earth or one cannot use both water and earth ? It becomes permissible , in such cases , to perform prayer without ablution. Allah said " Allah does not charge a soul exept that within its capacity." Also , one is not required to re-perform that prayer one performed without ablution. We never know when we will be in need of using Tayyamum so it is always important to learn without thinking it won't be of no necessity. We can see through this article how Allah is Merciful upon us, yet we do not see the blessings that surrounds us. If you find any mistakes , i ask you to aware me so i can correct it and if you are not sure about something , thanks to consult any men of knowledge , indeed , the human isn't free of mistakes. Hope it was beneficial ! Jazak Allah u kheiran :)
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October 2016
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