The study of Tawheed cannot be completed without studying its opposite , Shirk. Some mention of Shirk has already been made in the previous chapters and examples , however , in this chapter we will look in the depth of the topic whose grave importance that Allah attested in the Quran : " Surely Allah will not forgive the association of partners( shirk) with Him , but He forgives ( sins) lesser than that of whomever He wishes" ( Surat an-Nisaa (4:48) ) As we can understand , the sin of Shirk denies the very purpose of man's creation , it is for Allah the gravest of sins , the unforgiveable one. Let me repeat the meaning of Shirk even if i already talked about it in the previous Tawheed's lessons. Shirk literally means partnership , sharing , or associating but Islamically it refers to the act of assigning partners to Allah , in whatever form it may take. The following analysis of Shirk will correspond to the 3 categories developed in the study of Tawheed. Hence , we will firstly look at the main ways in which shirk can occur in the area of Ruboobeeyah , secondly , Asmaa was sifaat , and finally Ibaadah. Shirk in Ruboobeeyah There is 2 sub-category to analysis in this category of shirk that refers to either the belief that others share Allah's Lordship over creation as His equal or near equal or the the belief that there exists no lord over creation at all. Shirk by Association , is the belief that a main God or Supreme Being is recognized over creation , though His dominion is shared by other lesser gods , spirits , mortals , heavenly bodies or earthly objects. Those belief are commonly referred to by the theologians and philosophers as either monotheistic ( having one god) or polytheistic ( having more than one god). According to our religion , Islaam , is consider them all as polytheistic. There are 2 kinds of Shirk's aspect : External aspect which means the believers bows and worships his idols and Internal aspect which is expressed by emotions ( love, fear , trust ) and attachments of their beliefs. Let's study the various religions that attest Shirk ar Ruboobeeyah. Hinduism Within Hinduism , the Supreme Being , Brahman is conceived as indwelling , all pervading , unchangeable and eternal , the abstract , impersonal Absolute in which all things have their origin and end. On the other hand , the god Brahma is the personified creator of the universe who forms a trinity with the preserver god , Vishnu and the destroyer god , Shiva. But how is Shirk Ruboobeeyah expressed in this first religion ? By the delegation of God's creative , destructive and preservative powers to other gods. Christiannity In Christiannity , believers states that the one God reveals himself in the 3 persons : Father , Son ( Jesus) and Holy Spirit. These three persons are nevertheless a unity , sharing one " substance" . Prophet Jesus is elevated to divinity , sitting on the right hand of God and judges the world. The Holy Spirit from the Hebrew Bible is the means by which God exercices His creative Power , a God-head. Paul*( see note to know who was him ) made the Holy Spirit the alter ego of Christ , the guide and help of Christians. How is expressed Shirk ar Ruboobeeyah in Christian belief? It occurs , in their belief that Jesus and the Holy Spirit are God's partners in all of His dominion , also in their belief , Jesus alone pronounces judgement in the world and Chrtistian are helped and guided by the Holy Spirit. * ( According to their belief , he was a man who hated Christians , he didn't believe Gospel that Jesus left on earth , he killed many Christians and one day Jesus went to meet him and told him to stop Chritsian's persecution and made him blind. But at the end Paul finds his eyes back thanks to God , he is forgiven and became a powerful man who spread the good news ( Christ's Gospel ) Zoroastrians ( Parsis) They conceive God , Ahura Mazda as being the creator of all that is good and is aone of absolute worship. As fire is one of the seven creations of this god and is considered as his son or representative. They commit Shirk by conceiving evil , violence , death as being the creation of another god called Angra Mainyu whom they represent by the symbol darkness. Yoruba In the Yoruba religion , ( followed by over 10 million people in West Africa ( mainly Nigeria) there is one Supreme God , Oloriues ( Lord of Heaven ) or also called Olodumare. The modern Yoruba is characterized by a great many forms of Orisha worship , strict polytheism. Consequently , Yorubas commit Shir in Ruboobeeyah by turning over all of God's functions to minor gods and spirits. Among some Muslims people , Shirk in Ruboobeeyah is manifested that the souls of saints and other righteous humans can affect the affairs of this world , even after their deaths. Their souls , is believed that they can fulfill one's needs , remove calamities and aid whoever calls on them.Thus grave worshippers assign to human souls the divine ability to cause events in this life which in fact only Allah can cause . As in many Sufis ( Muslim mystics) believe in " Rijaal al Ghayb"( men of the unseen world) the cheif of whom occupies the station is named " Qutub" from which the affairs of this world are governed. b) Shirk by Negation This sub category denies the existence of God either explicitly or implicitly represented by philosophies and ideologies. In some cases , God's non-existence is stated atheism while in others cases His existence is claimed but the way in which He is conceived actually denies His existence , this belief is called Pantheism. Therefore , everyone has to have a God. why ? Because everyone believe in something and desire this thing to the point of making it his god and worshipping it with emotions as loving it as a real God. For example , if we ask someone who doesn't belive in God , where does your success comes from ? he'll surely answer : " it's from my good luck ! " What ? does it means that even atheism have a God ? Sure they do. The God of Atheist is the " good luck and bad luck" also called " fortune" but what they don't know is that the word Fortune comes from the greeque " Fortuna" which is the God of good and bad luck , she was an ancient greec goddess. Foremost , there are few ancient religious systems in which God does not exist , among them , Gautama Buddha. Buddhism is a reformist movement in Hinduism opposed to the caste system , it was founded in the 6th century B.C during the same period as Jainism. In the 3rd century B.C it became the state religion. It was assimilated by Hinduism Buddhism himself becoming one of the avatar ( incartations of God). It disappeared from India but became dominant in China and other nations. The earlier and more strict of the two interpretations of Buddhism which is Hinayana Buddhism ( 400-250 BC) , arose after Buddha's death , makes it clear that there is no God. Another example is that of the Pharaoh of Prophet's Moses time. Allah mentionned in the Qu'raan that he negated the existence of God and claimed to Moses and the people of Egypt that he Paraoh was the only true lord of all creation. To Moses " If you choose a god beside me , I will surely imprison you"( Surat ash Shoorah ( 26:29) and to the people " he proclaimed , " I am your Lord , the Most High" (Surat an Naazi'aat , ( 79:24) Indeed , some European philosophers supported the idea that God was nothing more than a projection of man's uneasy conscience.
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