The First Writing
During these wars known as the Riddah ( apostasy) , many of those who learned large portion of Qu'ran were killed. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab feared that the Qu'ran would be lost in the future for next generation of Muslims. So he went to Abu Bakr ( 1rst Caliph ) and advised him to have the Qu'ran written in one book in order to preserve it, but Abu Bakr , first refused because he thought that idea could be an innovation into the religion. ( prophet warned them about changing religion). Like Christians who had gone astray after changing the religion which Prophet 'Essa ( Jesus) brought after he left. However , after thinking over the situation very carefully , he came to realize that 'Umar advice was correct. Before his death , the Prophet ( peace be upon him ) , ordered them to write down various verses and chapters of the Qu'ran , while it was being revealed to preserve it. Caliph Abu Bakr asked Zayd ibn Thabit to be in charge of collecting and writing down the whole Qu'ran.He also refused for the same reasons as Abu Bakr. But why did Abu Bakr chose Zayd?? Because : 1) He was one of the best reciters of Qu'ran 2) He was one of the few who had memorized the whole Book during the Prophet's lifetime. 3) He was one of those whom the Prophet asked to write down the Qu'ran 4) He was one of the few who were present when the Prophet recited the whole Qu'ran during the last Ramadhan of his life. So , Zayd , began the process and then gathered around him all of those who had also memorized all of the Qu'ran or large portions of it. If all agreed , he would write it down on pages of leather. The whole Qu'ran was written down during the reign of the first Caliph. After this , Zayd turned it over to Abu Bakr who kept it until his death ( 2 years after he had become Caliph) Before his death , he gave it to 'Umar ( choosen to be the 2nd Caliph). 'Umar at his turn , kept it with him until his death ( 10 years later ). Then , Hafsah ( 'Umar's daughter and one of Prophet Muhammad's wives) kept the Qu'ran in her house in al-Madeenah , but she made it available to anyone who to make copies from it or check the accuracy of what they had memorized. C.THE ERA OF 'UTHMAN 644-656 After the death of 'Umar , a committee made up of six of the most famous companions of the Prophet's chose Uthman ibn 'Affan to be the 3rd Caliph. During 'Umar reign , the Islamic state expanded beyond the Arabian peninsula into Egypt , Syria and Iraq, and during reign of 'Uthman , the expansion continued on into Persia , India , Russia , China , Turkey and across North Africa. Many of the people of these regions accepted Islaam and learned the recitation of Qu'ran from early Muslim. The Qu'ran was revealed to the Prophet in seven different Arabic dialects and the early Muslims taught the Qu'ran in its different readings. The Second Writing In the Muslim provinces , some arabs began to boast that their dialect was superior to that of others. For that reason , when new Muslims made mistakes in their recitation of Qu'ran , it was sometimes difficult to tell if it was really an error or whether it was one of the seven readins ( dialects) which were taught by the Prophet. These problems became a source of confusion in the Muslims provinces outside of Arabia. One of Prophet's companion , Hudayfah ibn Al-Yaman , noticed this confusion while he was in Itaq , and feared that it might lead to a breakup of the Muslim nation and the changing of Qu'ran. On his return , he informed 'Uthman of what he had heard and see and the 3rd Caliph realized the seriousness of the situation and called the major Sahaabah ( companions) together in order to find a solution for this problem. They then decided to make official copies of the Qu'ran from the one compiled in Caliph Abu Bakr's time and limit the people to its recitation. Uthman then asked Hafsah for the original copy of Qu'ran and called on Zayd to head a committee of four Qu'ran scholars who would take on the tast of making the official copies. A total of seven copies were made and one was sent to Makkah , another , to Syria , to Basrah , to Yemen , one to Bahrain and one was kept in the capital , Madeenah. Uthman sent an official Qu'ran's reciter and ordered to destroy all other copies of the Qu'ran in case any problem might later arise. All new copies were made from the official copy called " Mus-haf Uthman" .
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuteurAs salam aleykum dear visitors ! Archives
October 2016
Catégories |